Glaucon is not convinced by the arguments in the last talk (357a)
b. Guide II
He divides good stuff into the about three groups: things good on their own, things a in both by themselves and for its outcomes, and something a great only for its outcomes (357b-d). Socrates locations justice regarding family of anything a good on their own as well as the consequences.
Glaucon renews Thrasymachus’ disagreement to help you difficulties Socrates to protect justice by the in itself as a given out-of what comes from they (358b ff.). Glaucon gives a presentation shielding injustice: (i) fairness originates because a compromise ranging from poor those who are frightened you to definitely distress injustice is actually even worse than just carrying it out (358e-359a); (ii) individuals operate justly as this is required and you will inevitable, so justice excellent just for their consequences (tale of your own ring regarding Gyges’ predecessor, 359c-360d); (iii) the new unfair person to the reputation of justice try happy than this new only individual on history of injustice (360d-362c).
Adeimantus develops Glaucon’s cover regarding injustice and you can assault towards the fairness of the asserting: brand new reputation of justice is preferable to justice alone, therefore the unjust person who could possibly support the profile of being merely would-be delighted versus merely individual; talk of several ways that the brand new unjust can buy the new reputation to have justice (362d-366d).
Socrates try expected to guard justice for by itself, perhaps not with the character it allows getting (367b). The guy proposes to discover justice in the city first and you can after that so you can go ahead from the example to locate fairness inside them (368c-369a). This approach permits a better view to the question of perhaps the only person is happier versus unjust people. Socrates begins by the sharing the newest origins of governmental existence and you may constructs an only urban area when you look at the address you to touches just first individual necessities (369b-372c). Socrates contends you to definitely human beings get into political life due to the fact all are maybe not self-adequate of course. For each person has certain absolute performance (370a) and you can undertaking just the single jobs you’re without a doubt suited to, is among the most effective way to generally meet the needs of every this new people (370c). Glaucon items you to definitely Socrates’ city is actually easy and phone calls it “a neighborhood out of pigs” (372d). Socrates identifies a district which allows getting luxuries (“a feverish urban area,” 372e-373e). Socrates explains that magnificent urban area will need an army to protect the city (373e). The latest armed forces might be composed of elite troops, the latest guardians, exactly who, instance pets, have to be soft so you’re able to fellow people and you can harsh to help you foes (375c). The guardians have to be educated very carefully so as to do their job of securing the brand new city’s owners, laws, and you will culture really (376d). Poetry and you can stories need to be censored to ensure such as an enthusiastic studies (377b). Poetry is: (i) establish this new gods of the same quality and just just like the causes of a beneficial (379a); (ii) as unchanging in form (380d); (iii) once the beings whom refrain from lays and you can deception (381e).
c. Guide III
Socrates continues new political strategies of censorship out-of poetry: (iv) the brand new underworld should not be depicted while the a detrimental put so that guardians won’t be too afraid of passing (386b); (v) the heroes and you will gods really should not be presented lamenting what is adam4adam so the newest guardians can develop bravery (387e); (vi) poetry is stop people from chuckling violently (388e); (vii) poetry is to give new guardian’s sense of facts-telling but with the brand new willingness in order to lay if this is actually conducive on the good of the town (389b); (viii) it has to give thinking-discipline and you can obedience (389c-d); (ix) it has to maybe not tend to be reports one sign up for avarice (390d); (x) it has to not were stories that sign up to hubris otherwise impiety (391a). Socrates moves on to discuss the way in which in which reports would be to learn (392d). The guy divides such as for instance manners to your easy narration (in third person) and you can imitative narration (inside the basic individual, 392d). To store the newest guardians starting just work, Socrates contends that guardians could possibly get simulate only what exactly is compatible for it (394e-395d). The latest only city is to ensure it is just methods and you can rhythms that fit the message of poetry anticipate from the merely town (398b-399c). Socrates teaches you how well art may cause the formation of an effective character making anyone very likely to follow its need (400e-402c). Socrates transforms into the actual education of your own guardians and you can states this will include real degree you to makes her or him having combat, a cautious diet, and you will designs you to definitely subscribe to brand new reduction regarding physicians (403c-405b). Bodily studies are aiimed at work with the newest soul instead of you, as the muscles necessarily benefits if the spirit is during a good good condition, while new soul doesn’t fundamentally work for in the event that person is when you look at the an effective position (410b-c).
